Born Oct 5, 1935 · Jamestown, OH · age 90
Ran the Los Angeles Dodgers to the 1988 World Series title, the upset powered by Kirk Gibson's pinch-hit homer and Orel Hershiser's historic run.
Across the full 11-season sample, the measured profile stands out most for cost per win (78th percentile). The clearest contrast is payroll-adjusted roster quality (12th percentile): the measured clubs have produced less roster quality relative to payroll-based expectations than most peers.
11 seasons with salary-era data across 1 stint. All figures are franchise-level outcomes during the tenure, not solely attributable to one executive.
★ 1 title · 1 pennant · 3 playoff appearances · 891–822 (0.520)
| Team | Role | Year | Pay $M |
Rel Pay |
Surp $M |
Surp WAR |
Dead % |
Cheap $M |
Draft $M |
Trd $M |
Int'l $M |
$ / WAR |
WAR | Depth | Dead WAR |
HG | Trade | Net/ Trd |
FA | R5 | RFA | PPA | CPA | WAB | TAB | W-L% | PO | Pen | WS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GM | 1988 94–67 | $16 | 135 | -3 | -10.8 | 42% | +1 | +0 | +1 | -0 | $0.4M | 39.7 | 9.0 | -2.4 | +72.3 | +10.6 | +2.13 | -0.9 | +0.0 | 2.47 | 0.20 | +8.7 | +2.0 | 0.584 | ✓ | ✓ | ★ | ||
| GM | 1989 77–83 | $21 | 153 | -9 | -24.3 | 17% | +1 | +1 | +0 | +0 | $0.6M | 33.6 | 6.0 | -3.5 | +3.3 | -4.8 | -0.59 | -4.1 | -0.0 | 0.77 | 0.11 | -9.2 | -5.3 | 0.481 | |||||
| GM | 1990 86–76 | $20 | 120 | -4 | -9.1 | 23% | +4 | -1 | +4 | +1 | $0.5M | 36.6 | 9.0 | -7.0 | -1.1 | -0.8 | -0.14 | +19.5 | +0.0 | 4.89 | 0.32 | +1.7 | +0.2 | 0.531 | |||||
| GM | 1991 93–69 | $34 | 149 | -11 | -18.1 | 14% | -0 | -1 | -0 | +1 | $0.8M | 39.3 | 9.0 | -3.0 | +20.5 | +3.3 | +0.41 | -10.4 | +0.2 | 1.89 | 0.17 | +6.0 | +0.2 | 0.574 | |||||
| GM | 1992 63–99 | $42 | 140 | -26 | -32.6 | 55% | -3 | +0 | -3 | +0 | $1.6M | 21.9 | 4.0 | -4.5 | +1.3 | +0.9 | +0.30 | -6.3 | +0.0 | 0.08 | 0.04 | -23.2 | -16.4 | 0.389 | |||||
| GM | 1993 81–81 | $39 | 123 | -15 | -17.9 | 48% | +7 | +6 | -1 | +3 | $1.1M | 29.1 | 5.0 | -5.4 | +25.6 | -0.3 | -0.09 | +0.6 | +0.3 | 1.03 | 0.13 | -3.5 | -7.6 | 0.500 | |||||
| GM | 1994 58–56 | $35 | 109 | -9 | -7.9 | 25% | +1 | +3 | -2 | -1 | $1.3M | 22.2 | 6.0 | -4.9 | +42.9 | +0.2 | +0.04 | +1.1 | +0.0 | 1.56 | 0.16 | -0.4 | -3.6 | 0.509 | |||||
| GM | 1995 78–66 | $35 | 106 | -1 | -1.3 | 21% | +14 | +6 | +0 | +5 | $0.9M | 34.6 | 8.0 | -5.5 | +32.3 | -12.7 | -2.54 | -19.3 | +0.0 | +0.15 | 7.04 | 0.47 | +4.5 | +4.0 | 0.542 | ✓ | |||
| GM | 1996 90–72 | $36 | 110 | -8 | -9.6 | 30% | +12 | +3 | -1 | +8 | $0.9M | 33.1 | 7.0 | -5.1 | +2.4 | -2.5 | -1.24 | -22.0 | +0.0 | +0.03 | 1.98 | 0.18 | +6.8 | -2.3 | 0.556 | ✓ | |||
| GM | 1997 88–74 | $47 | 119 | -11 | -10.6 | 37% | +14 | +1 | -0 | +10 | $1.2M | 34.5 | 7.0 | -5.5 | +0.4 | -8.4 | -2.09 | -0.7 | -0.1 | +0.18 | 2.94 | 0.23 | +3.9 | -1.8 | 0.543 | ||||
| GM | 1998 83–79 | $58 | 140 | -26 | -24.0 | 28% | -0 | +3 | -2 | -1 | $1.7M | 29.7 | 7.0 | -5.3 | +1.2 | +29.0 | +7.26 | +7.7 | +0.3 | +0.11 | 0.46 | 0.09 | -3.2 | -8.7 | 0.512 | ||||
| Career total (1985+ data) | $383 | 128 | -122 | -166.3 | 31% | +4 | +2 | -0 | +2 | $0.9M | 354.2 | 7.0 | -4.7 | +200.9 | +14.6 | +0.28 | -34.9 | +0.6 | +0.16 | 1.88 | 0.17 | -7.9 | -39.3 | 0.520 | 3 | 1 | 1 | ||
Acquired minus surrendered / signed minus walked.
| Player | Pos | Team | How | Year | Szns | fWAR | WAR/yr | RFA | PPA | CPA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mike Piazza | C | Draft | 1988 | 7 | +32.9 | +4.7 | – | – | – | |
| Adrian Beltré | 3B | Intl FA | 1994 | 7 | +25.2 | +3.6 | – | – | – | |
| Kevin Brown | P | Free agency | 1998 | 5 | +22.8 | +4.6 | – | 5.0% | 0.71% | |
| Raúl Mondesí | OF | Intl FA | 1988 | 7 | +20.4 | +2.9 | – | – | – | |
| Eric Karros | 1B | Draft | 1988 | 9 | +19.3 | +2.1 | – | – | – | |
| Hideo Nomo | P | Draft | 1995 | 6 | +18.3 | +3.1 | – | – | – | |
| Chan Ho Park | P | Intl FA | 1994 | 8 | +17.6 | +2.2 | – | – | – | |
| Ismael Valdez | P | Intl FA | 1991 | 7 | +16.0 | +2.3 | – | – | – | |
| Gary Sheffield | OF | Trade | 1998 | 4 | +14.7 | +3.7 | +1.75 | 1.5% | 0.31% | |
| Brett Butler | OF | Free agency | 1990 | 5 | +14.4 | +2.9 | – | 8.4% | 0.76% | |
| Darren Dreifort | P | Draft | 1993 | 9 | +14.0 | +1.6 | – | – | – | |
| Éric Gagné | P | Intl FA | 1995 | 7 | +14.0 | +2.0 | – | – | – | |
| Tom Candiotti | P | Free agency | 1991 | 6 | +13.3 | +2.2 | – | 0.3% | 0.14% | |
| Kevin Gross | P | Free agency | 1990 | 4 | +11.8 | +3.0 | – | 2.5% | 0.20% | |
| Paul Lo Duca | C | Draft | 1993 | 7 | +11.0 | +1.6 | – | – | – | |
| Eddie Murray | 1B | Trade | 1988 | 4 | +10.8 | +2.7 | – | 2.3% | 0.33% | |
| Kirk Gibson | OF | Free agency | 1988 | 3 | +9.7 | +3.2 | – | 14.2% | 1.20% | |
| Mike Morgan | P | Trade | 1989 | 3 | +8.2 | +2.7 | – | 1.9% | 0.25% | |
| Mark Grudzielanek | 2B/SS | Trade | 1998 | 4 | +7.4 | +1.9 | +0.17 | 3.4% | 0.43% | |
| Kal Daniels | OF | Trade | 1989 | 3 | +5.6 | +1.9 | – | 0.2% | 0.03% | |
| Willie Randolph | 2B | Free agency | 1988 | 2 | +3.9 | +1.9 | – | 2.8% | 0.41% | |
| Tim Wallach | 3B | Free agency | 1994 | 2 | +3.8 | +1.9 | – | 5.2% | 0.54% | |
| Bob Ojeda | P | Trade | 1990 | 2 | +3.6 | +1.8 | – | 4.4% | 0.39% | |
| Eric Young | 2B | Draft | 1989 | 3 | +3.5 | +1.2 | – | – | – | |
| Rick Dempsey | C | Free agency | 1988 | 3 | +3.4 | +1.1 | – | 5.2% | 0.40% | |
| Antonio Osuna | P | Intl FA | 1991 | 6 | +3.4 | +0.6 | – | – | – | |
| Darryl Strawberry | OF | Free agency | 1990 | 2 | +3.4 | +1.7 | – | 7.6% | 0.69% | |
| Jim Gott | P | Free agency | 1989 | 3 | +3.2 | +1.1 | – | 1.7% | 0.14% | |
| Todd Worrell | P | Free agency | 1992 | 3 | +3.2 | +1.1 | – | 1.9% | 0.19% | |
| Alex Cora | 2B/SS | Draft | 1996 | 2 | +3.0 | +1.5 | – | – | – | |
| Todd Hundley | C | Trade | 1998 | 3 | +2.9 | +1.0 | -0.20 | 0.3% | 0.03% | |
| Juan Samuel | 2B | Free agency | 1990 | 2 | +2.9 | +1.5 | – | 3.4% | 0.22% | |
| Delino DeShields | 2B | Trade | 1994 | 2 | +2.7 | +1.3 | – | 3.3% | 0.33% | |
| Greg Gagne | SS | Free agency | 1995 | 2 | +2.5 | +1.2 | – | 4.5% | 0.42% | |
| Todd Zeile | 3B | Free agency | 1996 | 2 | +2.5 | +1.3 | – | 7.4% | 0.57% | |
| Lenny Harris | 3B | Trade | 1989 | 3 | +2.4 | +0.8 | – | 0.0% | 0.00% | |
| Scott Radinsky | P | Free agency | 1996 | 3 | +2.2 | +0.7 | – | 2.1% | 0.20% | |
| Matt Herges | P | Intl FA | 1992 | 2 | +2.0 | +1.0 | – | – | – | |
| Pedro Martínez | P | Intl FA | 1988 | 2 | +2.0 | +1.0 | – | – | – | |
| Todd Hollandsworth | OF | Draft | 1991 | 4 | +1.8 | +0.4 | – | – | – | |
| Jim Neidlinger | P | Trade | 1988 | 1 | +1.6 | +1.6 | – | – | – | |
| Brian Bohanon | P | Trade | 1998 | 1 | +1.6 | +1.6 | +0.00 | 0.8% | 0.14% | |
| Hubie Brooks | 3B/OF | Free agency | 1989 | 1 | +1.5 | +1.5 | – | 7.1% | 0.47% | |
| Gary Carter | C | Free agency | 1991 | 1 | +1.4 | +1.4 | – | 2.8% | 0.24% | |
| Tom Prince | C | Free agency | 1993 | 5 | +1.4 | +0.3 | – | 0.1% | 0.01% | |
| David Ross | C | Draft | 1998 | 2 | +1.4 | +0.7 | – | – | – | |
| Matt Luke | OF | Trade | 1998 | 1 | +1.3 | +1.3 | – | 0.6% | 0.11% | |
| Dave Mlicki | P | Trade | 1998 | 2 | +1.2 | +0.6 | -1.02 | 0.5% | 0.09% | |
| John Candelaria | P | Free agency | 1991 | 2 | +1.1 | +0.6 | – | 1.6% | 0.13% | |
| Roger Cedeño | OF | Intl FA | 1991 | 3 | +1.1 | +0.4 | – | – | – | |
| Charles Johnson | C | Trade | 1998 | 1 | +1.1 | +1.1 | +1.75 | 0.5% | 0.10% | |
| Trenidad Hubbard | OF | Free agency | 1997 | 2 | +1.0 | +0.5 | – | 0.5% | 0.09% | |
| Jody Reed | 2B | Trade | 1992 | 1 | +0.9 | +0.9 | – | 0.9% | 0.12% | |
| Kip Gross | P | Trade | 1991 | 2 | +0.7 | +0.3 | – | 0.0% | 0.01% | |
| Mark Guthrie | P | Free agency | 1996 | 3 | +0.6 | +0.2 | – | 1.9% | 0.13% | |
| Luke Prokopec | P | Intl FA | 1994 | 2 | +0.6 | +0.3 | – | – | – | |
| Kevin Tapani | P | Trade | 1995 | 1 | +0.6 | +0.6 | -0.60 | 5.0% | 0.34% | |
| John Tudor | P | Trade | 1988 | 2 | +0.6 | +0.3 | – | 1.4% | 0.11% | |
| Jay Howell | P | Free agency | 1992 | 5 | +0.5 | +0.1 | – | 5.7% | 0.44% | |
| Dennys Reyes | P | Intl FA | 1993 | 2 | +0.5 | +0.2 | – | – | – | |
| Ray Searage | P | Free agency | 1988 | 2 | +0.5 | +0.2 | – | 0.2% | 0.02% | |
| Tripp Cromer | SS | Trade | 1997 | 2 | +0.5 | +0.2 | – | 1.5% | 0.11% | |
| Ricky Trlicek | P | Trade | 1993 | 1 | +0.5 | +0.5 | – | 0.5% | 0.06% | |
| Wilton Guerrero | 2B/OF | Intl FA | 1991 | 1 | +0.4 | +0.4 | – | – | – | |
| Roger McDowell | P | Free agency | 1992 | 3 | +0.4 | +0.1 | – | 0.0% | 0.00% | |
| Don Sutton | P | Free agency | 1988 | 1 | +0.4 | +0.4 | – | – | – | |
| Willie Banks | P | Trade | 1995 | 1 | +0.4 | +0.4 | +0.11 | 3.1% | 0.21% | |
| Steve Colyer | P | Draft | 1997 | 1 | +0.3 | +0.3 | – | – | – | |
| Kevin Elster | SS | Free agency | 1993 | 1 | +0.3 | +0.3 | – | 1.5% | 0.10% | |
| Mitch Webster | OF | Trade | 1991 | 3 | +0.3 | +0.1 | – | – | – | |
| Chad Curtis | OF | Trade | 1996 | 1 | +0.3 | +0.3 | -0.85 | 0.5% | 0.05% | |
| Darren Lewis | OF | Trade | 1997 | 1 | +0.3 | +0.3 | -0.09 | 1.0% | 0.07% | |
| Eric Davis | OF | Free agency | 1992 | 1 | +0.2 | +0.2 | – | 0.0% | 0.01% | |
| Darren Hall | P | Free agency | 1995 | 1 | +0.2 | +0.2 | – | 1.2% | 0.09% | |
| Garey Ingram | 2B | Draft | 1989 | 2 | +0.2 | +0.1 | – | – | – | |
| Al Osuna | P | Trade | 1994 | 1 | +0.2 | +0.2 | – | 0.4% | 0.04% | |
| Rick Parker | OF | Free agency | 1995 | 2 | +0.2 | +0.1 | – | 1.1% | 0.07% | |
| Rudy Seánez | P | Free agency | 1994 | 2 | +0.2 | +0.1 | – | 0.1% | 0.01% | |
| Dave Walsh | P | Trade | 1990 | 1 | +0.2 | +0.2 | – | – | – | |
| Devon White | OF | Free agency | 1998 | 1 | +0.2 | +0.2 | – | 0.5% | 0.06% | |
| John Cummings | P | Trade | 1995 | 1 | +0.2 | +0.2 | – | 1.6% | 0.11% | |
| Victor Álvarez | P | Intl FA | 1997 | 1 | +0.1 | +0.1 | – | – | – | |
| Eric Anthony | OF | Free agency | 1997 | 1 | +0.1 | +0.1 | – | 0.4% | 0.03% | |
| Henry Blanco | C | Intl FA | 1989 | 1 | +0.1 | +0.1 | – | – | – | |
| Mike Blowers | 3B | Trade | 1995 | 1 | +0.1 | +0.1 | -0.09 | 0.1% | 0.01% | |
| Jerry Brooks | OF | Draft | 1988 | 1 | +0.1 | +0.1 | – | – | – | |
| Jeff Kubenka | P | Draft | 1996 | 1 | +0.1 | +0.1 | – | – | – | |
| Oreste Marrero | 1B | Free agency | 1995 | 1 | +0.1 | +0.1 | – | 0.2% | 0.02% | |
| Rob Murphy | P | Free agency | 1995 | – | +0.1 | – | – | – | – | |
| Ángel Peña | C | Intl FA | 1992 | 2 | +0.1 | +0.1 | – | – | – | |
| Jeff Treadway | 2B | Free agency | 1993 | 1 | +0.1 | +0.1 | – | 0.2% | 0.02% | |
| Mike Davis | OF | Trade | 1989 | 1 | +0.1 | +0.1 | – | 0.7% | 0.09% | |
| Greg McMichael | P | Trade | 1998 | 1 | +0.1 | +0.1 | -1.02 | 0.1% | 0.01% | |
| Carlos Pérez | P | Trade | 1998 | 2 | +0.1 | +0.1 | +0.17 | 0.3% | 0.05% | |
| Luke Allen | OF | Intl FA | 1996 | – | -0.0 | – | – | – | – | |
| Jim Bruske | P | Trade | 1997 | 3 | -0.0 | -0.0 | – | – | – | |
| Mike Christopher | P | Rule 5 | 1989 | – | -0.0 | – | – | – | – | |
| Brad Clontz | P | Free agency | 1998 | – | -0.0 | – | – | – | – | |
| Butch Davis | OF | Free agency | 1990 | – | -0.0 | – | – | – | – | |
| Jeff Fischer | P | Trade | 1989 | – | -0.0 | – | – | – | – | |
| Mike Judd | P | Trade | 1996 | 2 | -0.0 | -0.0 | +0.71 | – | – | |
| Bill Krueger | P | Free agency | 1988 | 1 | -0.0 | -0.0 | – | 0.0% | 0.00% | |
| Onan Masaoka | P | Draft | 1995 | 1 | -0.0 | -0.0 | – | – | – | |
| Noe Muñoz | C | Intl FA | 1993 | – | -0.0 | – | – | – | – | |
| José Parra | P | Intl FA | 1989 | – | -0.0 | – | – | – | – | |
| Gary Rath | P | Draft | 1994 | – | -0.0 | – | – | – | – | |
| Brian Traxler | 1B | Draft | 1988 | – | -0.0 | – | – | – | – | |
| Steve Wilson | P | Trade | 1991 | 2 | +0.0 | +0.0 | – | 0.3% | 0.02% | |
| Pedro Borbón | P | Free agency | 1998 | – | -0.1 | – | – | – | – | |
| Bubba Crosby | OF | Draft | 1998 | – | -0.1 | – | – | – | – | |
| Joey Eischen | P | Trade | 1995 | – | -0.1 | – | +0.27 | – | – | |
| Frank Lankford | P | Rule 5 | 1997 | – | -0.1 | – | – | – | – | |
| Mike Maddux | P | Free agency | 1989 | 1 | -0.1 | -0.1 | – | 0.4% | 0.04% | |
| Sean Maloney | P | Free agency | 1998 | – | -0.1 | – | – | – | – | |
| Rod Nichols | P | Free agency | 1993 | – | -0.1 | – | – | – | – | |
| Pat Perry | P | Free agency | 1990 | – | -0.1 | – | – | – | – | |
| Adam Riggs | 2B/OF | Draft | 1994 | – | -0.1 | – | – | – | – | |
| Greg Smith | 2B/SS | Trade | 1990 | – | -0.1 | – | – | – | – | |
| Eric Weaver | P | Intl FA | 1991 | – | -0.1 | – | – | – | – | |
| Reggie Williams | OF | Free agency | 1995 | – | -0.1 | – | – | – | – | |
| Barry Lyons | C | Trade | 1990 | 1 | -0.1 | -0.1 | – | 0.3% | 0.02% | |
| Hiram Bocachica | OF | Trade | 1998 | 2 | -0.2 | -0.1 | +0.17 | – | – | |
| Mike Busch | 3B | Draft | 1990 | 1 | -0.2 | -0.2 | – | – | – | |
| Chip Hale | 2B/3B/DH | Free agency | 1996 | – | -0.2 | – | – | – | – | |
| Mike Harkey | P | Free agency | 1996 | – | -0.2 | – | – | – | – | |
| Paul Konerko | 1B | Draft | 1994 | – | -0.2 | – | – | – | – | |
| Mike Metcalfe | 2B/OF | Draft | 1994 | 1 | -0.2 | -0.2 | – | – | – | |
| Jim Poole | P | Draft | 1988 | – | -0.2 | – | – | – | – | |
| Félix Rodríguez | P | Intl FA | 1989 | – | -0.2 | – | – | – | – | |
| Gary Wayne | P | Free agency | 1994 | – | -0.2 | – | – | – | – | |
| Todd Williams | P | Draft | 1990 | – | -0.2 | – | – | – | – | |
| Tom Goodwin | OF | Draft | 1989 | 3 | -0.3 | -0.1 | – | – | – | |
| Rick Gorecki | P | Draft | 1991 | – | -0.3 | – | – | – | – | |
| Eddie Pye | 2B/3B/SS | Draft | 1988 | – | -0.3 | – | – | – | – | |
| Terry Wells | P | Trade | 1990 | – | -0.3 | – | – | – | – | |
| Don Aase | P | Free agency | 1990 | – | -0.4 | – | – | – | – | |
| Greg Hansell | P | Trade | 1990 | – | -0.4 | – | – | – | – | |
| Thomas Howard | OF | Free agency | 1998 | – | -0.4 | – | – | – | – | |
| Dennis Cook | P | Trade | 1991 | 1 | -0.4 | -0.4 | – | 0.4% | 0.04% | |
| Danny Heep | OF | Trade | 1988 | 1 | -0.4 | -0.4 | – | 0.9% | 0.07% | |
| Brett Butler | OF | Trade | 1995 | 5 | -0.6 | -0.1 | – | 8.4% | 0.76% | |
| Stan Javier | OF | Trade | 1990 | 1 | -0.6 | -0.6 | – | 17.1% | 1.10% | |
| Jeff Williams | P | Intl FA | 1996 | 1 | -0.6 | -0.6 | – | – | – | |
| Alan Mills | P | Free agency | 1998 | – | -0.7 | – | – | – | – | |
| Omar Daal | P | Intl FA | 1990 | 2 | -0.8 | -0.4 | – | – | – | |
| Cory Snyder | OF | Free agency | 1992 | – | -0.8 | – | – | – | – | |
| Karim García | OF | Intl FA | 1992 | – | -0.9 | – | – | – | – | |
| Billy Ashley | OF | Draft | 1988 | 2 | -1.8 | -0.9 | – | – | – | |
| Juan Castro | SS | Intl FA | 1991 | 2 | -1.8 | -0.9 | – | – | – | |
| Alfredo Griffin | SS | Free agency | 1988 | 1 | -1.8 | -1.8 | – | 0.7% | 0.09% | |
| John Shelby | OF | Free agency | 1989 | 2 | -1.8 | -0.9 | – | 1.1% | 0.22% |
Trade-side columns: RFA is playoff-readiness percentage points added to the future roster foundation. It grades the franchise's entire side of a trade, so the same score repeats for every player acquired in that package. PPA/CPA remain player-level arrival-year probability points.
WAB = wins above what the team's payroll predicted (resource-controlled). WAR surplus = era-neutral value (WAR minus payroll in win-equivalents). Roster surplus $M = dollar value of WAR over cost. Build channels (realized fWAR): HG = home-grown via amateur draft / international signing; Trade = acquired minus surrendered (incl. purchases/waivers); FA = signed minus walked; R5 = Rule-5 / minor-league-draft pickups. Credit follows the acquisition year — home-grown to the regime at the player's draft/signing (not whoever was in the chair when he peaked), trade/FA/R5 to the GM who made the move. Players acquired as prospects before debuting (e.g. Smoltz, Bagwell; Rule-5 picks like Uggla) are counted as trade/R5, not home-grown. All are franchise-level outcomes during the stint, not solely attributable to one executive.