Sep 27, 1934 (Wyandotte, MI) – Dec 28, 2010 (Sarasota, FL) · died at 76
General manager for the Tigers (1984–1991).
Across the full 7-season sample, the measured profile stands out most for cost per win (91st percentile), roster depth (91st percentile), and playoff leverage per acquired WAR (75th percentile). The clearest contrast is net WAR per trade (4th percentile): the realized net WAR return per trade has ranked below most peers.
7 seasons with salary-era data across 1 stint. All figures are franchise-level outcomes during the tenure, not solely attributable to one executive.
0 pennants · 1 playoff appearance · 579–554 (0.511)
| Team | Role | Year | Pay $M |
Rel Pay |
Surp $M |
Surp WAR |
Dead % |
Cheap $M |
Draft $M |
Trd $M |
Int'l $M |
$ / WAR |
WAR | Depth | Dead WAR |
HG | Trade | Net/ Trd |
FA | R5 | RFA | PPA | CPA | WAB | TAB | W-L% | PO | Pen | WS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GM | 1985 84–77 | $11 | 108 | +1 | +2.4 | 20% | +0 | -0 | +1 | +0 | $0.2M | 43.6 | 10.0 | -5.6 | +0.5 | +9.0 | +4.52 | -8.9 | +0.0 | 5.43 | 0.80 | +1.6 | +8.7 | 0.522 | |||||
| GM | 1986 87–75 | $12 | 109 | +1 | +3.7 | 22% | +1 | +0 | +1 | +0 | $0.3M | 43.1 | 10.0 | -2.1 | +3.9 | -4.5 | -4.45 | -20.8 | +0.0 | 6.08 | 0.39 | +4.0 | +7.9 | 0.537 | |||||
| GM | 1987 98–64 | $13 | 119 | +1 | +3.9 | 29% | +2 | +1 | +1 | +0 | $0.3M | 48.7 | 10.0 | -2.7 | +23.5 | -74.4 | -12.40 | +3.1 | +0.0 | 4.94 | 0.86 | +13.8 | +12.3 | 0.605 | ✓ | ||||
| GM | 1988 88–74 | $14 | 116 | -2 | -6.4 | 21% | +1 | +1 | +1 | +0 | $0.3M | 36.9 | 8.0 | -3.2 | -1.8 | -24.4 | -6.10 | +10.0 | +0.0 | 2.64 | 0.21 | +4.2 | +0.9 | 0.543 | |||||
| GM | 1989 59–103 | $16 | 114 | -10 | -26.5 | 36% | -3 | -0 | -2 | +0 | $0.6M | 15.0 | 5.0 | -9.4 | +7.6 | -4.9 | -0.97 | +23.4 | +0.0 | 0.06 | 0.04 | -24.6 | -20.8 | 0.364 | |||||
| GM | 1990 79–83 | $19 | 112 | -6 | -13.6 | 28% | -1 | -0 | -0 | +0 | $0.5M | 28.8 | 6.0 | -8.2 | +15.0 | +0.3 | +0.06 | +25.7 | +0.3 | 0.58 | 0.09 | -4.3 | -6.7 | 0.488 | |||||
| GM | 1991 84–78 | $23 | 102 | +0 | +0.9 | 23% | +4 | +3 | +0 | +0 | $0.5M | 39.2 | 9.0 | -6.1 | +11.6 | +18.8 | +3.77 | -2.6 | +0.0 | 3.77 | 0.27 | +1.8 | +4.6 | 0.519 | |||||
| Career total (1985+ data) | $107 | 111 | -14 | -35.5 | 26% | +1 | +1 | +0 | +0 | $0.4M | 255.3 | 8.3 | -5.3 | +69.5 | -91.8 | -2.87 | +25.0 | +0.2 | – | 2.82 | 0.27 | -3.6 | +6.9 | 0.511 | 1 | – | – | ||
Acquired minus surrendered / signed minus walked.
| Player | Pos | Team | How | Year | Szns | fWAR | WAR/yr | RFA | PPA | CPA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Travis Fryman | 3B | Draft | 1987 | 8 | +24.6 | +3.1 | – | – | – | |
| Tony Phillips | 2B/OF | Free agency | 1989 | 5 | +23.3 | +4.7 | – | 2.5% | 0.39% | |
| Cecil Fielder | 1B/DH | Free agency | 1990 | 7 | +16.9 | +2.4 | – | 3.3% | 0.57% | |
| Mickey Tettleton | C | Trade | 1991 | 4 | +14.4 | +3.6 | – | 20.7% | 1.47% | |
| Darrell Evans | 1B/3B | Trade | 1985 | 4 | +13.6 | +3.4 | – | – | – | |
| Walt Terrell | P | Trade | 1984 | 7 | +13.5 | +1.9 | – | – | – | |
| Tony Clark | 1B | Draft | 1990 | 6 | +11.5 | +1.9 | – | – | – | |
| Justin Thompson | P | Draft | 1991 | 4 | +11.0 | +2.8 | – | – | – | |
| Mike Henneman | P | Draft | 1984 | 9 | +9.2 | +1.0 | – | – | – | |
| Frank Tanana | P | Free agency | 1988 | 8 | +8.4 | +1.0 | – | – | – | |
| Matt Nokes | C | Trade | 1986 | 5 | +7.0 | +1.4 | – | 1.3% | 0.09% | |
| John Doherty | P | Draft | 1989 | 4 | +5.8 | +1.4 | – | – | – | |
| Mike Heath | C | Free agency | 1987 | 5 | +5.5 | +1.1 | – | 1.6% | 0.11% | |
| Bill Gullickson | P | Free agency | 1990 | 4 | +5.3 | +1.3 | – | 12.9% | 0.93% | |
| Rob Deer | OF | Free agency | 1990 | 3 | +4.7 | +1.6 | – | 3.8% | 0.28% | |
| Felipe Lira | P | Intl FA | 1990 | 3 | +3.8 | +1.3 | – | – | – | |
| Gary Pettis | OF | Trade | 1987 | 3 | +3.4 | +1.1 | – | 2.6% | 0.21% | |
| Mark Leiter | P | Trade | 1991 | 3 | +3.2 | +1.1 | – | 5.1% | 0.37% | |
| Milt Cuyler | OF | Draft | 1986 | 3 | +2.8 | +0.9 | – | – | – | |
| Eric King | P | Trade | 1985 | 4 | +2.7 | +0.7 | – | – | – | |
| Doyle Alexander | P | Trade | 1987 | 3 | +2.6 | +0.9 | – | 12.2% | 2.13% | |
| Willie Hernández | P | Trade | 1984 | 3 | +2.4 | +0.8 | – | – | – | |
| Luis Salazar | 3B | Free agency | 1988 | 1 | +2.1 | +2.1 | – | 5.6% | 0.45% | |
| Scott Livingstone | 3B | Draft | 1988 | 2 | +2.0 | +1.0 | – | – | – | |
| Dave Bergman | 1B | Trade | 1984 | 6 | +1.9 | +0.3 | – | – | – | |
| Pat Sheridan | OF | Free agency | 1986 | 3 | +1.9 | +0.6 | – | 1.3% | 0.09% | |
| José Lima | P | Intl FA | 1989 | 2 | +1.5 | +0.7 | – | – | – | |
| Kevin Ritz | P | Draft | 1985 | 2 | +1.5 | +0.8 | – | – | – | |
| Dan Gladden | OF | Free agency | 1991 | 2 | +1.4 | +0.7 | – | 1.8% | 0.14% | |
| Lloyd Moseby | OF | Free agency | 1989 | 2 | +1.4 | +0.7 | – | 0.9% | 0.12% | |
| Dave Collins | OF | Trade | 1986 | 1 | +1.4 | +1.4 | – | 8.7% | 0.56% | |
| Skeeter Barnes | 1B/3B/OF | Free agency | 1991 | 2 | +1.3 | +0.7 | – | 4.5% | 0.34% | |
| Dwayne Murphy | OF | Free agency | 1988 | 1 | +1.3 | +1.3 | – | 3.5% | 0.28% | |
| Sean Bergman | P | Draft | 1991 | 2 | +1.2 | +0.6 | – | – | – | |
| Jerry Don Gleaton | P | Trade | 1990 | 2 | +1.2 | +0.6 | – | 0.8% | 0.10% | |
| Bill Madlock | 3B | Trade | 1987 | 1 | +1.2 | +1.2 | – | 5.9% | 1.03% | |
| Doyle Alexander | P | Free agency | 1989 | 3 | +0.9 | +0.3 | – | 12.2% | 2.13% | |
| Juan Berenguer | P | Trade | 1985 | 1 | +0.9 | +0.9 | – | – | – | |
| Greg Gohr | P | Draft | 1989 | 3 | +0.9 | +0.3 | – | – | – | |
| Phil Clark | 1B/OF | Draft | 1986 | 1 | +0.7 | +0.7 | – | – | – | |
| Paul Gibson | P | Trade | 1988 | 2 | +0.7 | +0.4 | – | – | – | |
| Ed Núñez | P | Free agency | 1989 | 1 | +0.7 | +0.7 | – | 0.8% | 0.10% | |
| Keith Moreland | OF | Trade | 1989 | 1 | +0.7 | +0.7 | – | 0.0% | 0.03% | |
| Billy Bean | OF | Draft | 1986 | 2 | +0.6 | +0.3 | – | – | – | |
| Fred Lynn | OF | Trade | 1988 | 2 | +0.6 | +0.3 | – | 0.9% | 0.08% | |
| Darnell Coles | 3B/OF | Trade | 1986 | 1 | +0.6 | +0.6 | – | 15.7% | 1.00% | |
| Mickey Mahler | P | Trade | 1985 | 1 | +0.6 | +0.6 | – | 3.1% | 0.45% | |
| Dan Gakeler | P | Trade | 1991 | 1 | +0.5 | +0.5 | – | – | – | |
| Andy Allanson | C | Trade | 1991 | 1 | +0.4 | +0.4 | – | 1.4% | 0.10% | |
| Bill Campbell | P | Free agency | 1986 | 1 | +0.4 | +0.4 | – | 2.6% | 0.17% | |
| Brian Dubois | P | Trade | 1989 | 2 | +0.4 | +0.2 | – | – | – | |
| Buddy Groom | P | Rule 5 | 1990 | 3 | +0.3 | +0.1 | – | – | – | |
| Ted Power | P | Trade | 1988 | 1 | +0.3 | +0.3 | – | 0.8% | 0.06% | |
| Mark Thurmond | P | Trade | 1986 | 2 | +0.3 | +0.1 | – | 0.0% | 0.00% | |
| Mark Huismann | P | Free agency | 1988 | 1 | +0.2 | +0.2 | – | 0.4% | 0.03% | |
| David Palmer | P | Free agency | 1989 | 1 | +0.2 | +0.2 | – | 0.0% | 0.01% | |
| Ramón Peña | P | Trade | 1989 | 1 | +0.2 | +0.2 | – | – | – | |
| Lance McCullers | P | Trade | 1990 | 1 | +0.2 | +0.2 | – | 0.1% | 0.02% | |
| Randy Bockus | P | Free agency | 1988 | 1 | +0.1 | +0.1 | – | 0.0% | 0.00% | |
| Jeff Datz | C | Trade | 1989 | 1 | +0.1 | +0.1 | – | – | – | |
| Scott Lusader | OF | Draft | 1985 | 2 | +0.1 | +0.0 | – | – | – | |
| Harry Spilman | 1B | Trade | 1986 | 1 | +0.1 | +0.1 | – | 0.6% | 0.04% | |
| Dave Engle | C/OF | Trade | 1986 | 1 | +0.0 | +0.0 | – | 0.1% | 0.01% | |
| Shawn Holman | P | Trade | 1987 | – | -0.0 | – | – | – | – | |
| Matt Kinzer | P | Trade | 1989 | – | -0.0 | – | – | – | – | |
| Jack Lazorko | P | Free agency | 1986 | 1 | +0.0 | +0.0 | – | 0.2% | 0.01% | |
| Jim Lindeman | 1B/OF | Trade | 1989 | – | -0.0 | – | – | – | – | |
| Torey Lovullo | 2B | Draft | 1987 | 1 | -0.0 | -0.0 | – | – | – | |
| Rusty Meacham | P | Draft | 1987 | 1 | +0.0 | +0.0 | – | – | – | |
| Trever Miller | P | Draft | 1991 | – | -0.0 | – | – | – | – | |
| Johnny Paredes | 2B | Free agency | 1990 | – | -0.0 | – | – | – | – | |
| Rudy Pemberton | OF | Intl FA | 1987 | – | -0.0 | – | – | – | – | |
| Rob Richie | OF | Draft | 1987 | 1 | +0.0 | +0.0 | – | – | – | |
| Steve Searcy | P | Draft | 1985 | 1 | -0.0 | -0.0 | – | – | – | |
| Nate Snell | P | Free agency | 1987 | – | -0.0 | – | – | – | – | |
| Dickie Noles | P | Trade | 1987 | 1 | +0.0 | +0.0 | – | 0.1% | 0.02% | |
| Billy Beane | OF | Trade | 1988 | – | -0.1 | – | – | – | – | |
| John Cerutti | P | Free agency | 1991 | – | -0.1 | – | – | – | – | |
| Mike Dalton | P | Trade | 1991 | – | -0.1 | – | – | – | – | |
| Morris Madden | P | Trade | 1987 | – | -0.1 | – | – | – | – | |
| Al Pedrique | SS | Free agency | 1988 | – | -0.1 | – | – | – | – | |
| Bob Stoddard | P | Trade | 1985 | – | -0.1 | – | – | – | – | |
| Mike Trujillo | P | Free agency | 1988 | 1 | -0.1 | -0.1 | – | 0.0% | 0.00% | |
| Jim Weaver | OF | Rule 5 | 1984 | – | -0.1 | – | – | – | – | |
| Scott Aldred | P | Draft | 1986 | 3 | -0.2 | -0.1 | – | – | – | |
| Ben Blomdahl | P | Draft | 1990 | – | -0.2 | – | – | – | – | |
| Rico Brogna | 1B | Draft | 1988 | – | -0.2 | – | – | – | – | |
| Chris Brown | 3B | Trade | 1988 | – | -0.2 | – | – | – | – | |
| Jeff Kaiser | P | Free agency | 1991 | – | -0.2 | – | – | – | – | |
| John Pacella | P | Trade | 1986 | – | -0.2 | – | – | – | – | |
| Mark Salas | C | Free agency | 1990 | 1 | -0.2 | -0.2 | – | 0.4% | 0.06% | |
| Mike Schwabe | P | Draft | 1987 | 1 | -0.2 | -0.2 | – | – | – | |
| Phil Stidham | P | Draft | 1991 | – | -0.2 | – | – | – | – | |
| Mike Munoz | P | Trade | 1991 | 2 | -0.2 | -0.1 | – | 0.1% | 0.01% | |
| Tony Bernazard | 2B | Free agency | 1990 | – | -0.3 | – | – | – | – | |
| Iván de Jesús | SS | Free agency | 1988 | – | -0.3 | – | – | – | – | |
| Ed Romero | 2B/SS | Free agency | 1990 | – | -0.3 | – | – | – | – | |
| Alejandro Sánchez | DH/OF | Trade | 1985 | – | -0.3 | – | – | – | – | |
| Tim Tolman | 1B/OF | Free agency | 1986 | – | -0.3 | – | – | – | – | |
| Dave Beard | P | Free agency | 1987 | – | -0.4 | – | – | – | – | |
| Dave Haas | P | Draft | 1988 | 1 | -0.4 | -0.4 | – | – | – | |
| Brian Harper | C | Free agency | 1986 | – | -0.4 | – | – | – | – | |
| Riccardo Ingram | DH/OF | Draft | 1987 | – | -0.4 | – | – | – | – | |
| John Moses | OF | Free agency | 1991 | – | -0.4 | – | – | – | – | |
| Clint Sodowsky | P | Draft | 1991 | – | -0.4 | – | – | – | – | |
| Danny Bautista | OF | Intl FA | 1989 | 3 | -0.5 | -0.2 | – | – | – | |
| John Kiely | P | Intl FA | 1987 | 1 | -0.5 | -0.5 | – | – | – | |
| Scotti Madison | 3B | Trade | 1984 | – | -0.5 | – | – | – | – | |
| Randy Nosek | P | Draft | 1985 | – | -0.5 | – | – | – | – | |
| Rich Rowland | C | Draft | 1988 | – | -0.5 | – | – | – | – | |
| Ken Williams | OF | Trade | 1989 | – | -0.5 | – | – | – | – | |
| John Shelby | OF | Free agency | 1990 | – | -0.6 | – | – | – | – | |
| Doug Strange | 2B/3B | Draft | 1985 | – | -0.6 | – | – | – | – | |
| Gary Ward | OF | Free agency | 1989 | 1 | -0.6 | -0.6 | – | 0.0% | 0.02% | |
| Frank Williams | P | Free agency | 1989 | – | -0.6 | – | – | – | – | |
| Shawn Hare | OF | Intl FA | 1988 | – | -0.8 | – | – | – | – | |
| Ray Knight | 3B | Trade | 1988 | – | -0.9 | – | – | – | – | |
| Larry Sheets | DH/OF | Trade | 1990 | – | -0.9 | – | – | – | – | |
| Urbano Lugo | P | Free agency | 1990 | – | -1.0 | – | – | – | – | |
| Mike Walker | P | Free agency | 1991 | – | -1.0 | – | – | – | – | |
| Pete Incaviglia | OF | Free agency | 1991 | – | -1.1 | – | – | – | – | |
| Bill Scherrer | P | Trade | 1984 | – | -1.1 | – | – | – | – | |
| Mike Brumley | SS | Trade | 1989 | – | -1.7 | – | – | – | – | |
| Kurt Knudsen | P | Draft | 1988 | – | -1.8 | – | – | – | – |
Trade-side columns: RFA is playoff-readiness percentage points added to the future roster foundation. It grades the franchise's entire side of a trade, so the same score repeats for every player acquired in that package. PPA/CPA remain player-level arrival-year probability points.
WAB = wins above what the team's payroll predicted (resource-controlled). WAR surplus = era-neutral value (WAR minus payroll in win-equivalents). Roster surplus $M = dollar value of WAR over cost. Build channels (realized fWAR): HG = home-grown via amateur draft / international signing; Trade = acquired minus surrendered (incl. purchases/waivers); FA = signed minus walked; R5 = Rule-5 / minor-league-draft pickups. Credit follows the acquisition year — home-grown to the regime at the player's draft/signing (not whoever was in the chair when he peaked), trade/FA/R5 to the GM who made the move. Players acquired as prospects before debuting (e.g. Smoltz, Bagwell; Rule-5 picks like Uggla) are counted as trade/R5, not home-grown. All are franchise-level outcomes during the stint, not solely attributable to one executive.