Born Feb 18, 1939 · Granite City, IL · age 87
General manager for the Cardinals (1986–1994).
Across the full 9-season sample, the measured profile stands out most for avoidance of negative WAR (89th percentile), and cost per win (87th percentile). The clearest contrast is net WAR per trade (13th percentile): the realized net WAR return per trade has ranked below most peers.
9 seasons with salary-era data across 1 stint. All figures are franchise-level outcomes during the tenure, not solely attributable to one executive.
1 pennant · 1 playoff appearance · 713–696 (0.506)
| Team | Role | Year | Pay $M |
Rel Pay |
Surp $M |
Surp WAR |
Dead % |
Cheap $M |
Draft $M |
Trd $M |
Int'l $M |
$ / WAR |
WAR | Depth | Dead WAR |
HG | Trade | Net/ Trd |
FA | R5 | RFA | PPA | CPA | WAB | TAB | W-L% | PO | Pen | WS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GM | 1986 79–82 | $10 | 88 | -1 | -3.7 | 20% | +1 | +2 | -0 | +0 | $0.3M | 27.8 | 6.0 | -2.5 | +15.2 | +2.2 | +1.08 | +0.7 | -1.0 | 0.32 | 0.08 | -0.8 | -4.7 | 0.491 | |||||
| GM | 1987 95–67 | $11 | 105 | -1 | -2.3 | 31% | +2 | +2 | -0 | +0 | $0.3M | 36.4 | 7.0 | -3.8 | +40.6 | -43.4 | -14.45 | -13.8 | +0.0 | 4.03 | 0.27 | +12.5 | +1.7 | 0.586 | ✓ | ✓ | |||
| GM | 1988 76–86 | $15 | 125 | -5 | -15.6 | 25% | +1 | -1 | +2 | +0 | $0.4M | 29.6 | 7.0 | -4.9 | +25.6 | -0.4 | -0.06 | +17.8 | +0.0 | 0.43 | 0.08 | -8.7 | -7.3 | 0.469 | |||||
| GM | 1989 86–76 | $15 | 113 | +1 | +3.4 | 28% | +3 | +1 | +2 | +0 | $0.3M | 46.1 | 9.0 | -1.9 | -1.2 | -0.0 | -0.02 | +2.2 | +0.0 | 6.58 | 0.50 | +2.5 | +10.4 | 0.531 | |||||
| GM | 1990 70–92 | $20 | 115 | -3 | -6.6 | 42% | +4 | +2 | +1 | +0 | $0.5M | 37.9 | 9.0 | -3.2 | +12.7 | +4.8 | +1.19 | -10.9 | +0.0 | 2.72 | 0.21 | -13.8 | +2.0 | 0.432 | |||||
| GM | 1991 84–78 | $20 | 87 | +1 | +1.3 | 14% | +9 | +3 | +5 | +1 | $0.5M | 34.3 | 7.0 | -5.5 | +13.1 | -0.2 | -0.10 | -0.6 | +0.0 | 3.83 | 0.26 | +3.9 | +1.8 | 0.519 | |||||
| GM | 1992 83–79 | $26 | 88 | -4 | -5.3 | 52% | +11 | +5 | +3 | +3 | $0.6M | 36.0 | 9.0 | -5.2 | +2.5 | +0.3 | -23.9 | +0.0 | 5.03 | 0.32 | +2.7 | +3.3 | 0.512 | ||||||
| GM | 1993 87–75 | $23 | 72 | +4 | +5.0 | 31% | +10 | +7 | -2 | +6 | $0.6M | 35.2 | 6.0 | -3.7 | +9.2 | +3.9 | +0.98 | -2.2 | +0.0 | 1.48 | 0.15 | +9.3 | +5.0 | 0.537 | |||||
| GM | 1994 53–61 | $29 | 90 | -3 | -2.8 | 8% | +3 | +1 | +0 | +2 | $1.1M | 21.3 | 3.0 | -4.1 | +5.6 | -2.8 | -1.41 | -12.5 | +0.0 | 1.32 | 0.15 | -3.8 | -2.8 | 0.465 | |||||
| Career total (1985+ data) | $169 | 98 | -11 | -26.7 | 28% | +5 | +3 | +1 | +1 | $0.5M | 304.7 | 7.0 | -3.9 | +123.3 | -35.7 | -1.43 | -43.4 | -1.0 | – | 2.52 | 0.22 | +3.8 | +9.4 | 0.506 | 1 | 1 | – | ||
Acquired minus surrendered / signed minus walked.
| Player | Pos | Team | How | Year | Szns | fWAR | WAR/yr | RFA | PPA | CPA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ray Lankford | OF | Draft | 1987 | 13 | +39.8 | +3.1 | – | – | – | |
| Brian Jordan | OF | Draft | 1988 | 6 | +19.3 | +3.2 | – | – | – | |
| Bob Tewksbury | P | Free agency | 1988 | 6 | +16.6 | +2.8 | – | 1.3% | 0.11% | |
| José DeLeón | P | Trade | 1988 | 5 | +11.7 | +2.3 | – | 1.5% | 0.31% | |
| Todd Zeile | 3B | Draft | 1986 | 6 | +10.6 | +1.8 | – | – | – | |
| Donovan Osborne | P | Draft | 1990 | 7 | +10.5 | +1.5 | – | – | – | |
| Milt Thompson | OF | Trade | 1989 | 4 | +9.7 | +2.4 | – | 30.5% | 2.19% | |
| Gregg Jefferies | 1B/OF | Trade | 1993 | 2 | +7.2 | +3.6 | – | 7.4% | 0.81% | |
| Rheal Cormier | P | Draft | 1988 | 4 | +6.4 | +1.6 | – | – | – | |
| Félix José | OF | Trade | 1990 | 3 | +5.6 | +1.9 | – | 1.0% | 0.07% | |
| Bryn Smith | P | Free agency | 1989 | 2 | +5.4 | +2.7 | – | 7.7% | 0.61% | |
| Ken Hill | P | Trade | 1986 | 5 | +5.1 | +1.0 | – | – | – | |
| Plácido Polanco | 2B/3B | Draft | 1994 | 3 | +5.0 | +1.7 | – | – | – | |
| Eli Marrero | C/OF | Draft | 1993 | 5 | +4.6 | +0.9 | – | – | – | |
| Scott Terry | P | Trade | 1987 | 5 | +4.6 | +0.9 | – | 0.4% | 0.03% | |
| Omar Olivares | P | Trade | 1990 | 4 | +4.5 | +1.1 | – | – | – | |
| Pedro Guerrero | 1B/OF | Trade | 1988 | 4 | +4.2 | +1.0 | – | 0.3% | 0.05% | |
| Alan Benes | P | Draft | 1993 | 4 | +4.1 | +1.0 | – | – | – | |
| Luis Alicea | 2B | Draft | 1986 | 4 | +4.0 | +1.0 | – | – | – | |
| Mark Whiten | OF | Trade | 1993 | 2 | +3.5 | +1.7 | – | 1.2% | 0.11% | |
| Tony Peña | C | Trade | 1987 | 2 | +3.3 | +1.7 | – | 1.0% | 0.20% | |
| Lee Smith | P | Trade | 1990 | 3 | +3.1 | +1.0 | – | 5.4% | 0.42% | |
| René Arocha | P | Intl FA | 1991 | 2 | +2.8 | +1.4 | – | – | – | |
| Tom Brunansky | OF | Trade | 1988 | 2 | +2.4 | +1.2 | – | 0.9% | 0.17% | |
| José Jiménez | P | Intl FA | 1991 | 2 | +2.4 | +1.2 | – | – | – | |
| Tom Urbani | P | Draft | 1990 | 3 | +2.3 | +0.8 | – | – | – | |
| Mark Petkovsek | P | Free agency | 1994 | 3 | +2.2 | +0.7 | – | 0.3% | 0.11% | |
| John Mabry | 1B/OF | Draft | 1991 | 5 | +2.0 | +0.4 | – | – | – | |
| Allen Watson | P | Draft | 1991 | 3 | +1.8 | +0.6 | – | – | – | |
| Manny Aybar | P | Intl FA | 1991 | 3 | +1.7 | +0.6 | – | – | – | |
| Joe McEwing | 2B/OF | Draft | 1992 | 1 | +1.6 | +1.6 | – | – | – | |
| Tom Henke | P | Free agency | 1994 | 1 | +1.3 | +1.3 | – | 0.2% | 0.08% | |
| T. J. Mathews | P | Draft | 1992 | 4 | +1.3 | +0.3 | – | – | – | |
| Mike Pérez | P | Draft | 1986 | 3 | +1.3 | +0.4 | – | – | – | |
| Gerald Perry | 1B | Free agency | 1990 | 3 | +1.2 | +0.4 | – | 2.2% | 0.15% | |
| Rigo Beltrán | P | Draft | 1991 | 1 | +1.0 | +1.0 | – | – | – | |
| Danny Jackson | P | Free agency | 1994 | 2 | +1.0 | +0.5 | – | 0.1% | 0.02% | |
| Steve Lake | C | Free agency | 1986 | 3 | +1.0 | +0.3 | – | 0.1% | 0.04% | |
| Dan Quisenberry | P | Free agency | 1988 | 2 | +1.0 | +0.5 | – | 0.0% | 0.00% | |
| John Habyan | P | Free agency | 1994 | 2 | +0.9 | +0.4 | – | 1.7% | 0.19% | |
| Larry McWilliams | P | Free agency | 1988 | 1 | +0.9 | +0.9 | – | 0.4% | 0.08% | |
| Ted Power | P | Free agency | 1989 | 1 | +0.9 | +0.9 | – | 5.5% | 0.45% | |
| Cris Carpenter | P | Draft | 1987 | 3 | +0.8 | +0.3 | – | – | – | |
| Lee Tunnell | P | Trade | 1987 | 1 | +0.8 | +0.8 | – | 3.4% | 0.23% | |
| Rich Croushore | P | Intl FA | 1993 | 1 | +0.7 | +0.7 | – | – | – | |
| Frank DiPino | P | Free agency | 1988 | 3 | +0.7 | +0.2 | – | 2.4% | 0.20% | |
| Erik Pappas | C | Free agency | 1993 | 1 | +0.7 | +0.7 | – | 2.4% | 0.23% | |
| Tim Conroy | P | Trade | 1986 | 2 | +0.6 | +0.3 | – | 0.1% | 0.01% | |
| Mike Difelice | C | Draft | 1991 | 3 | +0.5 | +0.2 | – | – | – | |
| Paul Kilgus | P | Free agency | 1992 | 1 | +0.5 | +0.5 | – | 0.9% | 0.08% | |
| Rich Batchelor | P | Trade | 1993 | 2 | +0.4 | +0.2 | – | – | – | |
| Allen Battle | OF | Draft | 1991 | 1 | +0.4 | +0.4 | – | – | – | |
| Lee Guetterman | P | Free agency | 1993 | 1 | +0.4 | +0.4 | – | 0.7% | 0.07% | |
| Don Heinkel | P | Free agency | 1989 | 1 | +0.4 | +0.4 | – | 2.2% | 0.18% | |
| Curtis King | P | Draft | 1994 | 2 | +0.4 | +0.2 | – | – | – | |
| Stan Royer | 1B/3B | Trade | 1990 | 3 | +0.4 | +0.1 | – | – | – | |
| Gerald Young | OF | Free agency | 1993 | 1 | +0.4 | +0.4 | – | 0.7% | 0.08% | |
| Tom Niedenfuer | P | Free agency | 1990 | 1 | +0.3 | +0.3 | – | 0.8% | 0.06% | |
| Dmitri Young | 1B/OF | Draft | 1991 | 1 | +0.3 | +0.3 | – | – | – | |
| Chuck Carr | OF | Trade | 1991 | 1 | +0.2 | +0.2 | – | 1.0% | 0.06% | |
| Les Lancaster | P | Free agency | 1993 | 1 | +0.2 | +0.2 | – | 0.3% | 0.03% | |
| Keith McDonald | C | Draft | 1994 | 1 | +0.2 | +0.2 | – | – | – | |
| Vicente Palacios | P | Free agency | 1993 | 1 | +0.2 | +0.2 | – | 0.7% | 0.08% | |
| Brady Raggio | P | Draft | 1992 | 1 | +0.2 | +0.2 | – | – | – | |
| Mike Heath | C | Trade | 1986 | 1 | +0.2 | +0.2 | – | 0.1% | 0.01% | |
| Terry Bradshaw | OF | Draft | 1990 | 2 | +0.1 | +0.1 | – | – | – | |
| Rod Brewer | 1B/OF | Draft | 1987 | 1 | +0.1 | +0.1 | – | – | – | |
| Mike Busby | P | Draft | 1991 | 2 | +0.1 | +0.1 | – | – | – | |
| Stan Clarke | P | Free agency | 1989 | 1 | +0.1 | +0.1 | – | 0.2% | 0.01% | |
| Scott Coolbaugh | 3B | Free agency | 1993 | 1 | +0.1 | +0.1 | – | 0.1% | 0.01% | |
| Doug Creek | P | Draft | 1991 | 1 | +0.1 | +0.1 | – | – | – | |
| John Frascatore | P | Draft | 1991 | 2 | +0.1 | +0.0 | – | – | – | |
| David Green | 1B/OF | Free agency | 1987 | 1 | +0.1 | +0.1 | – | 0.3% | 0.02% | |
| Bob Horner | 1B/3B | Free agency | 1988 | 1 | +0.1 | +0.1 | – | 0.0% | 0.01% | |
| Rich Rodriguez | P | Free agency | 1994 | 2 | +0.1 | +0.0 | – | 0.1% | 0.01% | |
| Gibson Alba | P | Rule 5 | 1987 | 1 | +0.0 | +0.0 | – | – | – | |
| Skeeter Barnes | 1B/3B/OF | Free agency | 1987 | – | -0.0 | – | – | – | – | |
| Bill Earley | P | Trade | 1986 | 1 | +0.0 | +0.0 | – | – | – | |
| Bryan Eversgerd | P | Intl FA | 1989 | 1 | +0.0 | +0.0 | – | – | – | |
| Andrés Galarraga | 1B | Trade | 1991 | – | -0.0 | – | – | – | – | |
| Mark Grater | P | Draft | 1986 | – | -0.0 | – | – | – | – | |
| Alan Knicely | C | Free agency | 1986 | 1 | +0.0 | +0.0 | – | 0.0% | 0.00% | |
| Fred Manrique | 2B | Trade | 1986 | – | -0.0 | – | – | – | – | |
| Rob Murphy | P | Free agency | 1993 | 1 | +0.0 | +0.0 | – | 0.0% | 0.00% | |
| Denny Walling | 1B/3B/OF | Trade | 1988 | 1 | +0.0 | +0.0 | – | 5.1% | 0.42% | |
| Tracy Woodson | 3B | Free agency | 1991 | 1 | -0.0 | -0.0 | – | 2.3% | 0.14% | |
| Brian Barber | P | Draft | 1991 | 1 | -0.1 | -0.1 | – | – | – | |
| Gary Buckels | P | Trade | 1994 | – | -0.1 | – | – | – | – | |
| Mark Clark | P | Draft | 1988 | 1 | -0.1 | -0.1 | – | – | – | |
| Dave Collins | OF | Free agency | 1990 | – | -0.1 | – | – | – | – | |
| Dan Driessen | 1B | Free agency | 1987 | – | -0.1 | – | – | – | – | |
| Ray Giannelli | 3B | Free agency | 1994 | – | -0.1 | – | – | – | – | |
| Aaron Holbert | 2B | Draft | 1990 | – | -0.1 | – | – | – | – | |
| Dave LaPoint | P | Free agency | 1987 | – | -0.1 | – | – | – | – | |
| Terry McGriff | C | Free agency | 1993 | – | -0.1 | – | – | – | – | |
| Luis Saturria | OF | Intl FA | 1994 | – | -0.1 | – | – | – | – | |
| Tim Sherrill | P | Draft | 1987 | 1 | -0.1 | -0.1 | – | – | – | |
| Duane Walker | OF | Free agency | 1986 | – | -0.1 | – | – | – | – | |
| Jerry White | OF | Trade | 1986 | – | -0.1 | – | – | – | – | |
| Jeff Berblinger | 2B | Draft | 1993 | – | -0.2 | – | – | – | – | |
| Frank Cimorelli | P | Draft | 1989 | – | -0.2 | – | – | – | – | |
| Bien Figueroa | 2B/SS | Draft | 1986 | – | -0.2 | – | – | – | – | |
| Mike Gulan | 3B | Draft | 1992 | – | -0.2 | – | – | – | – | |
| Jamie Moyer | P | Free agency | 1991 | – | -0.2 | – | – | – | – | |
| Marc Ronan | C | Draft | 1990 | – | -0.2 | – | – | – | – | |
| Héctor Villanueva | C | Free agency | 1992 | – | -0.2 | – | – | – | – | |
| Greg Bargar | P | Trade | 1986 | – | -0.3 | – | – | – | – | |
| Ramon Caraballo | 2B | Trade | 1994 | – | -0.3 | – | – | – | – | |
| Steve Dixon | P | Draft | 1989 | – | -0.3 | – | – | – | – | |
| Leon Durham | 1B/OF | Free agency | 1989 | – | -0.3 | – | – | – | – | |
| Scarborough Green | OF | Draft | 1992 | – | -0.3 | – | – | – | – | |
| Sean Lowe | P | Draft | 1992 | – | -0.3 | – | – | – | – | |
| Lonnie Maclin | OF | Draft | 1986 | – | -0.3 | – | – | – | – | |
| Randy O'Neal | P | Trade | 1987 | 1 | -0.3 | -0.3 | – | 0.9% | 0.06% | |
| Juan Agosto | P | Free agency | 1990 | – | -0.4 | – | – | – | – | |
| Willie Smith | P | Trade | 1994 | – | -0.4 | – | – | – | – | |
| Ray Soff | P | Trade | 1986 | – | -0.4 | – | – | – | – | |
| Ozzie Canseco | OF | Free agency | 1992 | 1 | -0.5 | -0.5 | – | 0.1% | 0.00% | |
| Rick Sutcliffe | P | Free agency | 1994 | – | -0.5 | – | – | – | – | |
| Tripp Cromer | SS | Draft | 1989 | – | -0.6 | – | – | – | – | |
| Bill Dawley | P | Trade | 1986 | – | -0.6 | – | – | – | – | |
| Ray Burris | P | Free agency | 1986 | – | -0.7 | – | – | – | – | |
| Pedro Guerrero | 1B/OF | Free agency | 1992 | 4 | -0.8 | -0.2 | – | 0.3% | 0.05% | |
| Bob McClure | P | Free agency | 1991 | 1 | -0.8 | -0.8 | – | 1.3% | 0.09% | |
| Danny Sheaffer | C | Free agency | 1994 | 1 | -1.1 | -1.1 | – | 0.0% | 0.00% | |
| Mike Laga | 1B | Trade | 1986 | 1 | -1.1 | -1.1 | – | 0.2% | 0.04% | |
| Rich Gedman | C | Free agency | 1991 | – | -1.4 | – | – | – | – | |
| Rex Hudler | 2B/OF | Trade | 1990 | 1 | -1.5 | -1.5 | – | 5.3% | 0.41% |
Trade-side columns: RFA is playoff-readiness percentage points added to the future roster foundation. It grades the franchise's entire side of a trade, so the same score repeats for every player acquired in that package. PPA/CPA remain player-level arrival-year probability points.
WAB = wins above what the team's payroll predicted (resource-controlled). WAR surplus = era-neutral value (WAR minus payroll in win-equivalents). Roster surplus $M = dollar value of WAR over cost. Build channels (realized fWAR): HG = home-grown via amateur draft / international signing; Trade = acquired minus surrendered (incl. purchases/waivers); FA = signed minus walked; R5 = Rule-5 / minor-league-draft pickups. Credit follows the acquisition year — home-grown to the regime at the player's draft/signing (not whoever was in the chair when he peaked), trade/FA/R5 to the GM who made the move. Players acquired as prospects before debuting (e.g. Smoltz, Bagwell; Rule-5 picks like Uggla) are counted as trade/R5, not home-grown. All are franchise-level outcomes during the stint, not solely attributable to one executive.