Aug 23, 1928 (West Springfield, MA) – Oct 23, 2005 · died at 77
General manager for the Orioles, Angels, and Brewers (1966–1991).
Across the full 7-season sample, the measured profile stands out most for cost per win (89th percentile). The clearest contrast is cheap-talent surplus (12th percentile): cost-controlled talent has created less surplus value than for most peers.
7 seasons with salary-era data across 3 stints. All figures are franchise-level outcomes during the tenure, not solely attributable to one executive.
0 pennants · 0 playoff appearances · 564–568 (0.498)
| Team | Role | Year | Pay $M |
Rel Pay |
Surp $M |
Surp WAR |
Dead % |
Cheap $M |
Draft $M |
Trd $M |
Int'l $M |
$ / WAR |
WAR | Depth | Dead WAR |
HG | Trade | Net/ Trd |
FA | R5 | RFA | PPA | CPA | WAB | TAB | W-L% | PO | Pen | WS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GM | 1985 71–90 | $11 | 115 | -7 | -25.3 | 30% | +1 | +0 | +0 | +0 | $0.5M | 17.0 | 3.0 | -5.9 | +41.3 | +9.5 | +1.91 | -59.0 | +0.0 | -12.2 | -18.8 | 0.441 | |||||||
| GM | 1986 77–84 | $9 | 78 | -1 | -2.8 | 33% | +3 | -0 | +1 | +1 | $0.3M | 23.9 | 6.0 | -6.5 | +20.3 | -3.9 | -0.48 | -5.1 | +0.0 | 0.22 | 0.07 | -1.3 | -7.2 | 0.478 | |||||
| GM | 1987 91–71 | $7 | 66 | +4 | +13.9 | 38% | +6 | +4 | +1 | +0 | $0.2M | 37.7 | 10.0 | -4.3 | +29.7 | -2.4 | -1.19 | -12.3 | -0.0 | 4.56 | 0.30 | +14.3 | +8.5 | 0.562 | |||||
| GM | 1988 87–75 | $9 | 79 | +1 | +3.2 | 27% | +3 | +1 | +1 | -0 | $0.2M | 33.8 | 5.0 | -3.9 | +3.1 | -0.9 | -0.45 | +1.6 | +0.0 | 2.23 | 0.19 | +8.1 | +2.4 | 0.537 | |||||
| GM | 1989 81–81 | $11 | 83 | -2 | -5.0 | 22% | -0 | +1 | -0 | -0 | $0.4M | 26.4 | 5.0 | -4.2 | +9.7 | -0.0 | -0.01 | +3.8 | +0.0 | 0.34 | 0.08 | +1.4 | -5.7 | 0.500 | |||||
| GM | 1990 74–88 | $20 | 116 | -7 | -16.5 | 19% | -2 | -1 | +0 | -0 | $0.6M | 27.6 | 6.0 | -3.0 | -1.1 | -2.9 | -0.59 | -16.0 | +0.0 | 0.22 | 0.07 | -9.8 | -8.4 | 0.457 | |||||
| GM | 1991 83–79 | $23 | 99 | -7 | -11.8 | 43% | -1 | +0 | -1 | +0 | $0.7M | 29.0 | 7.0 | -4.6 | +25.2 | -0.0 | -0.01 | +0.3 | -0.3 | 0.48 | 0.09 | +1.2 | -5.1 | 0.512 | |||||
| Career total (1985+ data) | $90 | 91 | -19 | -44.3 | 30% | +1 | +1 | +0 | +0 | $0.4M | 195.4 | 6.0 | -4.6 | +191.1 | -8.6 | -0.08 | -105.3 | -0.9 | – | 1.12 | 0.12 | +1.7 | -34.3 | 0.498 | – | – | – | ||
Acquired minus surrendered / signed minus walked.
| Player | Pos | Team | How | Year | Szns | fWAR | WAR/yr | RFA | PPA | CPA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Teddy Higuera | P | Draft | 1985 | 8 | +26.7 | +3.3 | – | – | – | |
| Jeff Cirillo | 3B | Draft | 1991 | 8 | +25.9 | +3.2 | – | – | – | |
| Chris Bosio | P | Draft | 1982 | 6 | +20.5 | +3.4 | – | – | – | |
| Brian Downing | C/DH/OF | Trade | 1977 | 6 | +16.9 | +2.8 | – | – | – | |
| Jaime Navarro | P | Draft | 1987 | 6 | +14.3 | +2.4 | – | – | – | |
| B. J. Surhoff | C/OF | Draft | 1985 | 9 | +14.2 | +1.6 | – | – | – | |
| Bill Wegman | P | Draft | 1981 | 10 | +13.7 | +1.4 | – | – | – | |
| Greg Vaughn | OF | Draft | 1986 | 7 | +10.4 | +1.5 | – | – | – | |
| Dave Nilsson | C | Intl FA | 1987 | 8 | +10.0 | +1.2 | – | – | – | |
| Cal Eldred | P | Draft | 1989 | 8 | +9.7 | +1.2 | – | – | – | |
| Darryl Hamilton | OF | Draft | 1986 | 6 | +9.4 | +1.6 | – | – | – | |
| Dan Plesac | P | Draft | 1983 | 7 | +9.1 | +1.3 | – | – | – | |
| John Jaha | 1B/DH | Draft | 1984 | 7 | +8.0 | +1.1 | – | – | – | |
| Rob Deer | OF | Trade | 1985 | 5 | +7.9 | +1.6 | – | 0.3% | 0.10% | |
| Juan Nieves | P | Intl FA | 1983 | 3 | +5.4 | +1.8 | – | – | – | |
| Greg Brock | 1B | Trade | 1986 | 5 | +4.6 | +0.9 | – | 7.7% | 0.50% | |
| Willie Randolph | 2B | Free agency | 1991 | 1 | +4.0 | +4.0 | – | 1.9% | 0.37% | |
| Tim Leary | P | Trade | 1985 | 2 | +3.0 | +1.5 | – | – | – | |
| Charlie O'Brien | C | Trade | 1986 | 3 | +2.8 | +0.9 | – | 1.7% | 0.11% | |
| Mike Birkbeck | P | Draft | 1983 | 4 | +2.6 | +0.6 | – | – | – | |
| Pat Listach | SS | Draft | 1988 | 3 | +2.5 | +0.8 | – | – | – | |
| Bill Schroeder | C | Draft | 1979 | 2 | +2.5 | +1.2 | – | – | – | |
| Ángel Miranda | P | Intl FA | 1987 | 3 | +2.4 | +0.8 | – | – | – | |
| Mark Knudson | P | Trade | 1986 | 3 | +2.1 | +0.7 | – | 3.6% | 0.23% | |
| Don August | P | Trade | 1986 | 3 | +2.0 | +0.7 | – | – | – | |
| Chuck Crim | P | Draft | 1982 | 5 | +2.0 | +0.4 | – | – | – | |
| Glenn Braggs | OF | Draft | 1983 | 4 | +1.7 | +0.4 | – | – | – | |
| Darren Holmes | P | Trade | 1990 | 2 | +1.7 | +0.8 | – | 0.4% | 0.07% | |
| Bill Krueger | P | Free agency | 1989 | 2 | +1.6 | +0.8 | – | 0.3% | 0.07% | |
| Ernie Riles | 3B/SS | Draft | 1981 | 2 | +1.6 | +0.8 | – | – | – | |
| Steve Sparks | P | Draft | 1987 | 1 | +1.6 | +1.6 | – | – | – | |
| Tom Filer | P | Trade | 1988 | 3 | +1.5 | +0.5 | – | 2.3% | 0.21% | |
| John Henry Johnson | P | Trade | 1986 | 2 | +1.4 | +0.7 | – | – | – | |
| Bill Spiers | 3B/SS | Draft | 1987 | 5 | +1.4 | +0.3 | – | – | – | |
| Rick Cerone | C | Trade | 1986 | 1 | +1.4 | +1.4 | – | 0.3% | 0.09% | |
| Danny Darwin | P | Trade | 1985 | 2 | +1.3 | +0.6 | – | – | – | |
| Dave Parker | OF | Free agency | 1989 | 1 | +1.2 | +1.2 | – | 0.3% | 0.08% | |
| Gary Sheffield | OF | Draft | 1986 | 2 | +1.2 | +0.6 | – | – | – | |
| Ted Simmons | C | Trade | 1980 | 1 | +1.0 | +1.0 | – | – | – | |
| Mike Felder | OF | Draft | 1981 | 4 | +0.8 | +0.2 | – | – | – | |
| Dennis Powell | P | Trade | 1990 | 1 | +0.8 | +0.8 | – | 0.2% | 0.05% | |
| Ray Burris | P | Trade | 1984 | 1 | +0.6 | +0.6 | – | – | – | |
| Rick Dempsey | C | Free agency | 1991 | 1 | +0.6 | +0.6 | – | 0.3% | 0.06% | |
| Tony Fossas | P | Free agency | 1989 | 1 | +0.5 | +0.5 | – | 0.2% | 0.05% | |
| Daryl Sconiers | 1B/DH | Draft | 1977 | 1 | +0.4 | +0.4 | – | – | – | |
| Doug Henry | P | Draft | 1985 | 2 | +0.4 | +0.2 | – | – | – | |
| Mike Ignasiak | P | Draft | 1988 | 2 | +0.4 | +0.2 | – | – | – | |
| Troy O'Leary | OF | Draft | 1987 | 1 | +0.4 | +0.4 | – | – | – | |
| Ray Searage | P | Trade | 1985 | 1 | +0.4 | +0.4 | – | – | – | |
| Dave Stapleton | P | Intl FA | 1983 | 1 | +0.4 | +0.4 | – | – | – | |
| Rick Wrona | C | Free agency | 1990 | 1 | +0.4 | +0.4 | – | 0.1% | 0.03% | |
| Len Barker | P | Free agency | 1987 | 1 | +0.3 | +0.3 | – | 1.3% | 0.08% | |
| Paul Householder | OF | Trade | 1984 | 1 | +0.3 | +0.3 | – | – | – | |
| Pete Vuckovich | P | Trade | 1980 | 2 | +0.3 | +0.2 | – | – | – | |
| Chris George | P | Draft | 1988 | 1 | +0.2 | +0.2 | – | – | – | |
| Odell Jones | P | Free agency | 1987 | 1 | +0.2 | +0.2 | – | 0.5% | 0.05% | |
| Joey Meyer | 1B/DH | Draft | 1983 | 1 | +0.2 | +0.2 | – | – | – | |
| Paul Mirabella | P | Free agency | 1987 | 2 | +0.2 | +0.1 | – | 1.8% | 0.12% | |
| Chuck Porter | P | Trade | 1985 | 1 | +0.2 | +0.2 | – | – | – | |
| Rick Waits | P | Trade | 1983 | 1 | +0.2 | +0.2 | – | – | – | |
| Candy Maldonado | OF | Trade | 1991 | 1 | +0.2 | +0.2 | – | 0.1% | 0.02% | |
| Billy Bates | 2B | Draft | 1985 | 1 | +0.1 | +0.1 | – | – | – | |
| Kevin Brown | P | Trade | 1990 | 2 | +0.1 | +0.0 | – | – | – | |
| Bryan Clutterbuck | P | Draft | 1981 | 2 | +0.1 | +0.0 | – | – | – | |
| Jaime Cocanower | P | Intl FA | 1978 | 1 | +0.1 | +0.1 | – | – | – | |
| Ray Krawczyk | P | Free agency | 1988 | 1 | +0.1 | +0.1 | – | 0.0% | 0.01% | |
| Pete Ladd | P | Trade | 1981 | 1 | +0.1 | +0.1 | – | – | – | |
| Jeff Peterek | P | Intl FA | 1985 | 1 | +0.1 | +0.1 | – | – | – | |
| Ron Robinson | P | Trade | 1990 | 2 | +0.1 | +0.1 | – | 0.6% | 0.18% | |
| Jay Aldrich | P | Draft | 1982 | – | -0.0 | – | – | – | – | |
| Mike Capel | P | Free agency | 1989 | – | -0.0 | – | – | – | – | |
| Tom Edens | P | Free agency | 1989 | 1 | +0.0 | +0.0 | – | 0.0% | 0.00% | |
| Narciso Elvira | P | Draft | 1990 | 1 | +0.0 | +0.0 | – | – | – | |
| Dave Engle | C/OF | Free agency | 1989 | – | -0.0 | – | – | – | – | |
| Randy Ready | 2B/3B/OF | Draft | 1980 | 1 | +0.0 | +0.0 | – | – | – | |
| Steve Stanicek | DH | Trade | 1986 | – | -0.0 | – | – | – | – | |
| Dale Sveum | 3B/SS | Draft | 1982 | 3 | +0.0 | +0.0 | – | – | – | |
| Mark Clear | P | Free agency | 1975 | – | -0.1 | – | – | – | – | |
| George Canale | 1B | Draft | 1986 | 1 | -0.1 | -0.1 | – | – | – | |
| LaVel Freeman | DH | Draft | 1983 | – | -0.1 | – | – | – | – | |
| Brian Giles | 2B/SS | Rule 5 | 1984 | – | -0.1 | – | – | – | – | |
| Jim Hunter | P | Trade | 1986 | – | -0.1 | – | – | – | – | |
| Jim Kern | P | Trade | 1985 | – | -0.1 | – | – | – | – | |
| Alex Madrid | P | Draft | 1983 | – | -0.1 | – | – | – | – | |
| William Suero | 2B | Trade | 1991 | 1 | -0.1 | -0.1 | – | – | – | |
| Randy Veres | P | Draft | 1985 | 1 | -0.1 | -0.1 | – | – | – | |
| Jim Adduci | 1B/OF | Trade | 1984 | – | -0.2 | – | – | – | – | |
| Mark Clear | P | Free agency | 1987 | 2 | -0.2 | -0.1 | – | 0.4% | 0.11% | |
| Brad Lesley | P | Trade | 1984 | – | -0.2 | – | – | – | – | |
| Doug Loman | OF | Draft | 1978 | – | -0.2 | – | – | – | – | |
| Julio Machado | P | Trade | 1990 | 1 | -0.2 | -0.2 | – | 0.1% | 0.02% | |
| Jim Olander | OF | Trade | 1990 | – | -0.2 | – | – | – | – | |
| Jim Austin | P | Trade | 1989 | 1 | -0.3 | -0.3 | – | – | – | |
| Mark Ciardi | P | Draft | 1983 | – | -0.3 | – | – | – | – | |
| Mark Kiefer | P | Draft | 1987 | 3 | -0.3 | -0.1 | – | – | – | |
| Brad Komminsk | OF | Trade | 1987 | – | -0.3 | – | – | – | – | |
| Bruce Ruffin | P | Trade | 1991 | – | -0.3 | – | – | – | – | |
| Dion James | OF | Draft | 1980 | – | -0.4 | – | – | – | – | |
| Mark Lee | P | Free agency | 1990 | 1 | -0.4 | -0.4 | – | 0.1% | 0.02% | |
| Jim Paciorek | 1B/3B | Draft | 1982 | – | -0.4 | – | – | – | – | |
| Mark Brouhard | OF | Rule 5 | 1979 | – | -0.5 | – | – | – | – | |
| Bobby Clark | OF | Trade | 1983 | – | -0.5 | – | – | – | – | |
| Dave Huppert | C | Trade | 1985 | – | -0.5 | – | – | – | – | |
| Steve Kiefer | 3B | Trade | 1986 | 1 | -0.5 | -0.5 | – | 0.5% | 0.05% | |
| Ed Núñez | P | Free agency | 1990 | 1 | -0.5 | -0.5 | – | 0.1% | 0.01% | |
| Duane Singleton | OF | Draft | 1990 | – | -0.5 | – | – | – | – | |
| Franklin Stubbs | 1B/OF | Free agency | 1990 | – | -0.5 | – | – | – | – | |
| Marshall Boze | P | Draft | 1990 | – | -0.6 | – | – | – | – | |
| Alex Diaz | OF | Trade | 1991 | 1 | -0.6 | -0.6 | – | – | – | |
| Edgar Díaz | SS | Intl FA | 1982 | – | -0.6 | – | – | – | – | |
| Rollie Fingers | P | Trade | 1980 | – | -0.7 | – | – | – | – | |
| Mike Matheny | C | Draft | 1991 | 2 | -0.7 | -0.3 | – | – | – | |
| Tim McIntosh | C/OF | Draft | 1986 | 1 | -0.7 | -0.7 | – | – | – | |
| Bob Gibson | P | Intl FA | 1979 | – | -0.8 | – | – | – | – | |
| Rick Manning | OF | Trade | 1983 | 1 | -0.8 | -0.8 | – | – | – | |
| Gus Polidor | 3B/SS | Trade | 1988 | – | -0.8 | – | – | – | – | |
| Carlos Ponce | 1B/OF | Intl FA | 1980 | – | -0.8 | – | – | – | – | |
| Juan Castillo | 2B | Intl FA | 1979 | – | -1.3 | – | – | – | – | |
| Terry Francona | 1B/OF | Free agency | 1989 | – | -1.3 | – | – | – | – | |
| Billy Jo Robidoux | 1B | Draft | 1982 | – | -1.4 | – | – | – | – |
Trade-side columns: RFA is playoff-readiness percentage points added to the future roster foundation. It grades the franchise's entire side of a trade, so the same score repeats for every player acquired in that package. PPA/CPA remain player-level arrival-year probability points.
WAB = wins above what the team's payroll predicted (resource-controlled). WAR surplus = era-neutral value (WAR minus payroll in win-equivalents). Roster surplus $M = dollar value of WAR over cost. Build channels (realized fWAR): HG = home-grown via amateur draft / international signing; Trade = acquired minus surrendered (incl. purchases/waivers); FA = signed minus walked; R5 = Rule-5 / minor-league-draft pickups. Credit follows the acquisition year — home-grown to the regime at the player's draft/signing (not whoever was in the chair when he peaked), trade/FA/R5 to the GM who made the move. Players acquired as prospects before debuting (e.g. Smoltz, Bagwell; Rule-5 picks like Uggla) are counted as trade/R5, not home-grown. All are franchise-level outcomes during the stint, not solely attributable to one executive.