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February 23, 2000

PIT⇄SDP

PIT won this trade +$32.0M surplus PIT won this trade +3.5 WAR
PITPIT Cam Bonifay net +$32.0M net +3.5
received −$1.6M−$1.6M ± $11M expected surplus · +$26.4M realized received 1.3 ± 1 expected · 3.5 realized WAR
Playoff odds: this deal moved PIT's 2000 odds 1% → 2% (+0.9 pts) — how trade timing is graded ↗
receives — most valuable first
Geraldo Padua
+$0.3M+$0.3M± $4M exp surplusrealized +$0.0M 0.2± 0 exp WARrealized 0.0
Unidentified minor-league throw-in — valued at the ~0.2 WAR base rate (most produce nothing)
Jim Sak
+$0.3M+$0.3M± $4M exp surplusrealized +$0.0M 0.2± 0 exp WARrealized 0.0
Unidentified minor-league throw-in — valued at the ~0.2 WAR base rate (most produce nothing)
John Vander WalOF·34y·L/L
−$1.8M−$1.8M± $10M exp surplusrealized +$26.4M 0.9± 1 exp WARrealized 3.5
Prior
league baseline (track record outweighs draft pedigree) → 0.21/yr
Evidence
recent form 0.9/yr over 2.0 seasons
Talent
0.67/yr blended
Horizon
1.5 control yr × 0.87 age decline
SDPSDP Kevin Towers net −$32.0M net -3.5
received +$1.6M−$12.0M ± $16M expected surplus · −$5.6M realized received 1.1 ± 2 expected · 0.0 realized WAR
Playoff odds: this deal moved SDP's 2000 odds 4% → 2% (-2.2 pts) — how trade timing is graded ↗
receives — most valuable first
Al MartinOF·32y·L/L
+$1.9M−$11.9M± $16M exp surplusrealized −$5.6M 1.1± 2 exp WARrealized 0.0
Prior
league baseline (track record outweighs draft pedigree) → 0.21/yr
Evidence
recent form 1.0/yr over 2.4 seasons
Talent
0.76/yr blended
Horizon
1.5 control yr × 0.92 age decline

Each player is valued on what he was expected to produce at the time of the trade, versus what he actually produced for his new team.

Expected WAR blends a player's pedigree (composite top-100 rank / draft slot, or a baseline) with his recent track record, projected over the years of team control acquired. The ± figure is a historically calibrated predictive standard deviation, measuring how widely comparable forecasts have missed around their expected value. Surplus values that production at the FA market price of a win (~$8M/WAR) minus salary — so cost-controlled players carry large surplus and expensive ones little, even at the same WAR. Who won is descriptive, not a skill claim: ~99% of a trade's outcome is unforeseeable at the time.

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Decision-maker records extend to 1933; resource-controlled WAR and payroll metrics cover 1985–2026. Data sources include FanGraphs, Baseball-Reference, the Chadwick Bureau register, the Lahman Database, prospect rankings from Baseball America, MLB Pipeline, and FanGraphs, and public payroll records. Transaction and trade data was obtained free of charge from and is copyrighted by Retrosheet. Executive birth/death data via Wikidata (CC0).
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